Luke Nguyen

Designer	Not Known
Maker	Made for Luke Nguyen by Baccarat
Marks	No marks on ramekins.  Name “Luke Nguyen” printed on bottom right-hand corner of platter; initials “LG” to left hand corner.
Material	Ramekins; Soft paste porcelain, 22ct gold to handle and exterior, Platter is laminated bamboo.
Description	Gilded bowl with white gloss glazed interior slightly indented footring base dimpled inwards from footring.
Condition	Good, some wear to gilding on footring
Number	No number
Production Date	Early 2000s
Width at rim	60mm
Width at base	40mm
Depth	23mm
Length (with handle)	97mm
Weight	90 gm
Volume	35 mm
Acquisition	Purchase Salvo Stores, Noble Park 30th September 2013
Rameking Reference Number	LNG 001-004

These four little ramekins form a tasting sampler platter.  These platters are used in some restaurants for patrons to try various dishes.  These were made for Australian restaurateur Luke Nguyen by Baccarat cookware, a brand of Playgroup Pty Ltd located in St Kilda Road, Melbourne.  Tasting samplers are made for other purposes, such as for holding small glasses of different beers.

Luke is an award winning Sydney Restaurateur and Chef (at the “Red Lantern” restaurant in Surrey Hills).  He is also an author of several books on cooking and has hosted a television series on Vietnam and its food.  Luke was born in a refugee camp in Thailand in 1978 to Vietnamese parents who had fled the country some months earlier.  He has also apperared as a guest chef on the television show Masterchef, season 2., and “Masterchef Vietnam”.  He also takes tour groups to Vietnam to experience their cuisine and learn to cook it.  In partnership, he founded the “Little Lantern Foundation” giving disadvantaged youth training in the hospitality industry.

Lustre Gold ramekins like these are press-moulded soft paste porcelain with 22 Carat gold applied to the exterior of the bowl.  Gilding, as it is known, on pottery is a complex and difficult method to learn and can be done using several differing methods.  Over five tonnes of gold are still used each year to gild ceramics.  Gold can be sprayed, brushed, screen-printed, acid etched or mixed with resin.  Early methods involved mixing the gold with mercury or honey giving the body a bright rich honey gold colour when fired at a relatively low temperature.  Ancient gilding on the wood of Egyptian mummy cases is still as bright as original. 

The method most used commonly for lining ceramics with gold is to mix gold powder and borax (borosilicate or a bismuth based flux).  The resulting powder is brushed onto the pottery with a very fine brush (usually camel hair).  When the mixture dries, because it is mixed with water it is fired, during which the borax is burnt off and the gold melts into the body.  The pottery comes out brown and must be burnished (polished) with a stone, usually agate to bring out the gold colour. 

Any further information would be appreciated. maybe Luke can get in touch?

One of the things that I have often lamented on this blog has been the loss of industry as a result of Government policy and imports.  In the case of Royal Worcester, had it not been for the collapse of the glove making industry in Worcester in the mid 18^th Century, Royal Worcester would not have come into being.  A number of local businessmen got together and decided to start a pottery.

One of the things that I have often lamented on this blog has been the loss of industry as a result of Government policy and imports.  In the case of Royal Worcester, had it not been for the collapse of the glove making industry in Worcester in the mid 18^th Century, Royal Worcester would not have come into being.  A number of local businessmen got together and decided to start a pottery.

One of the things that I have often lamented on this blog has been the loss of industry as a result of Government policy and imports.  In the case of Royal Worcester, had it not been for the collapse of the glove making industry in Worcester in the mid 18^th Century, Royal Worcester would not have come into being.  A number of local businessmen got together and decided to start a pottery.

One of the things that I have often lamented on this blog has been the loss of industry as a result of Government policy and imports.  In the case of Royal Worcester, had it not been for the collapse of the glove making industry in Worcester in the mid 18^th Century, Royal Worcester would not have come into being.  A number of local businessmen got together and decided to start a pottery.

Studio Anna (2)

Designer	Karel Jungvirt
Maker	Studio Anna
Marks	Unmarked
Material	Glazed slipware
Description	Press-moulded gloss-glazed cream coloured slipware with black interior.  Sgraffito to interior of various New Zealand designs.  Raised teardrop shaped footring with unglazed base.
Condition	Very Good
Number	No number
Production Date	Late 1950s
Width at rim	188mm
Width at Base	115mm
Depth	27mm
Length (with handle)	118mm
Weight	180gm
Volume	250ml
Acquisition	Purchase Waverley Antiques Bazaar 20 Sept 2013
Rameking Reference Number	STA 009-012

Not strictly ramekins, more like a bowl with a large curved handle, but close enough for me, these 1950s sgraffito bowls are from Studio Anna.  Although one has a New Zealand Made sticker, it is unmistakably Studio Anna.  The black and white sgraffito and curved teardrop shape is a typical Jungvirt design.  This type of tourist ware was produced throughout much of their life and exported throughout New Zealnd and the Pacific.  Much of this tourist ware was portraying Australian Aboriginals or pseudo-Aboriginal motifs.  These are of New Zealand.

Karel Jungvirt, born 15^th August 1927 was a sculptor and artist who had trained in Prgue and Munich before escaping the 1948 Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia and arriving in Australia in late 1951. His pottery career in Australia began in 1952 when, initially employed as a mould maker with Diana Pottery in Marrickville, he was soon designing and making models there.  His skill as a potter won him the Diplome de Honeur and a gold medal at the 1955 Cannes International Exhibition of Modern Ceramics.  Despite much effort from him, he never got the actual medal though.

It was during his stint with Diana that he met Toni Coles, an East Sydney Technical College graduate who had previously been working in commercial advertising, illustrating catalogues. Coles had started working as a ceramic decorator at Diana pottery for what she thought would just be a temporary diversion.

But she enjoyed the work so much that she decided to stay on.  Karel and Toni were married in 1953 and their partnership also became a business one when Karel set up a small pottery in the basement of their flat in Neutral Bay.   When it came to registering their pottery - Studio Anna - as a business, local council restrictions meant that they had to find premises in an industrial zone in order to operate. Thus in April 1954 they moved to Shepherd Street, Marrickville, that was to be the home of Studio Anna until its closure in 1999. During its period of operation the business would expand to include the 2 adjoining properties.

From around 1954, orders came to Studio Anna as a result of its displays within the Ceramic Art and Fine Ware Association exhibitions. These were held at Anthony Horderns' Fine Art Gallery in Anthony Horderns' Department Store. A major exhibition of Australian ceramics by a number of potteries at Proud's store in Sydney to coincide with the Melbourne Olympics, also generated healthy sales for Studio Anna.

 
Following World War 2, Sydney became a popular holiday destination, particularly for American and European tourists.  Karel capitalised on the resulting demand for souvenirs with an Australian theme by creating slipcast decorated earthenware ceramics designed specifically for this market.  Ceramics decorated with local scenes and Aboriginal themes were particularly sought after by both tourists and locals - thus adaptations of Aboriginal cave and bark paintings as well as images of Aboriginal people became popular (for Studio Anna and a number of other commercial potteries) throughout the 1950s and 60s.

Souvenir shops as such did not exist in Sydney in the 1950s, so Jungvirt approached Swain's Newsagency as a potential stockist for Studio Anna ware. This was a smart move because the extended trading hours allowed to a small number of businesses, including newsagencies.  At this time meant that Studio Anna ceramics would be available to the tourist market when department stores and gift shops were closed.   Studio Anna was then employing a number of skilled artists as decorators.

Several of these artists would make personal appearances in department stores, demonstrating their decorating skills and generating further interest in Studio Anna ceramics. Toni Jungvirt in particular travelled as far afield as Tasmania and Queensland making well publicised in-store appearances, often over the period of a week.

At its peak, Studio Anna employed over 30 staff and by 1957 their ceramic ware was not only distributed widely in Australia, but was also being exported to such places as Tahiti, New Zealand, Fiji, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. But 1957 also saw a major blow dealt to Studio Anna and other commercial potteries in the form of the Australia-Japan Agreement on Commerce negotiated by Australian Trade Minister in the Menzies government, John 'Black Jack' McEwan.  This agreement opened the doors for a mass of cheap Japanese ceramics to enter the Australian market.  Many local commercial potteries producing hand-decorated ware, were forced out of business by this competition, but Studio Anna's decorating department, with a reduced staff, managed to survive. 

In the late 1960s, with public demand for Studio Anna's range of souvenirs increasing, Karel Jungvirt took the step of opening his own souvenir shop, which he named Australiana, in Sydney's newly built Australia Square. Such was the popularity of this store, which in addition to ceramics also carried craftwork made by an Aboriginal mission station and tea towels designed by Studio Anna artists (along with toy koalas and kangaroos), that eventually a total of five Australiana stores were operating in the Sydney area, including one in the MLC centre.

In addition to its decorative souvenirs, Studio Anna was also catering for the cookware market. Introduced around the early 1960s, possibly as an Australian answer to Corning Ware (which came out in 1958), a range of decorated cookware called Pyro-Ceracraft was developed. Available in a wide selection of designs and described as oven tableware, this range of heat resistant ceramics included casserole dishes, pie dishes and ramekins and was designed to be attractive enough to be brought straight from the oven to the dinner table. As such, matching salt and pepper shakers, table heaters and candle holders also formed part of the range.

 
With hand decorated ceramics becoming less and less cost effective for Studio Anna, Jungvirt's next innovation was Fiana ware. Appearing in about the mid 1970s, Fiana ware was a range of glazed kitchen storage canisters with matching salt and pepper shakers, cruet sets, jugs and sugar bowls available in such contemporary colours as antique orange, citrus yellow, olive gold and orange red. Instead of hand painted decoration though, decals (transfers) were now being used. Studio Anna's decorating department continued to operate, only closing in 1982 when Toni Coles left the business.

When kitchenware was no longer in demand and with the introduction of duty free shops taking the tourist market from Australiana stores, Karel decided to diversify once more. Catering to the hotel and serviced apartment market in Sydney, Studio Anna started producing glazed lamp bases, even exporting them to Japan. They also took one-off commissions, which included tiled panels and a jug and decanter set commemorating the centenary of the NSW Government Expedition to Lord Howe Island in 1882.

In 1999 after many years of illness, during which time he still managed to run the business, Karel Jungvirt finally sold the pottery, returning to Czechoslovakia where he died the following year.

 

Mystery Maker Unmarked (Plastic)

Designer	Not known
Maker	Not known
Marks	No marks
Material	Injection moulded plastic
Description	Square bowl with rounded corners.  Single external colour with white interior.  Circular footring and tab handle to one corner.
Condition	Very good
Number	No number
Production Date	Early 1970s?
Width at rim	128mm
Width at Base	75mm
Depth	45mm
Length (with handle)	163mm
Weight	107gm
Volume	375ml
Acquisition	Purchase Camberwell Sunday Market 8th August 2013
Rameking Reference Number	MMU-P-001-011

Not all ramekins were ceramic.  As technology progressed, new materials became the norm.  Look at your keyboard dear reader.  The chances are that its plastic keys were formed by injection moulding.  Since the Second World War, the uses for injection moulded polymer material had exploded.  These ramekins are another example. There are many different types of injection moulding, but commonly, granular plastic is gravity fed into a hopper where it moves into a heated chamber where it melts.  A plunger advances, forcing the melted plastic through an opening into the mould.  Because the mould is kept cold, the plastic solidifies as soon as the mould is filled.

These particular ramekins were made using co-injection moulding process that creates a skin and core arrangement.  The skin material is injected first followed by a core material.   The white interior of the ramekin is injected first, followed by the exterior.  The white plastic cools and the green plastic flows around it, also cooling.  The nozzle at the base is then closed and the ramekin expelled from the mould.  The mark on the base where the plastic was injected in clearly visible in the centre of the base.